Frames part 6

Posted in Labels: | at 03:21


The <FRAMESET> tag can enclose other framesets. This results in a nesting of frames. The usefulness of nested frames is much debated and seldom appreciated by purists (same guys who don't like frames in the first place).
If we plan to construct our site based on the format presented in the image below, we have to make use of nested frames.
Nested Frames
And here is the code for it:
<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>Nested Frames</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<FRAMESET ROWS="20%, *">
   <FRAME SRC="topframe.html" NAME="top">
   <FRAMESET COLS="50%, *">
      <FRAME SRC="leftbot.html" NAME="left_bot">
      <FRAME SRC="rightbot.html" NAME="right_bot"> 
   </FRAMESET>
</FRAMESET>
<!-- Displayed in browsers whih do not support frames -->
<NOFRAMES>
There is no frame support on your browser.
</NOFRAMES>
</HTML>
The first FRAMESET divides the page into two horizontal regions, 20% and * (80%). It encloses a FRAME (topframe.html) that occupies 20% area and is displayed horizontally across the top of the page. The rest of the page area is allocated to another FRAMESET. This second FRAMESET contains two frames, leftbot.html and rightbot.html. These two frames share 50% of the remaining area.
Click here to display the file. To view source codes for individual documents (topframe.html, leftbot.html and rightbot.html), load them separately in other browser windows.
This finishes our discussions on frames (inline frames are described later), now onto the next session.

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Target attribute of anchor tag

Posted in Labels: | at 03:20


As described in previous session, the Target attribute of <A> is most often used when dealing with frames. It specifies the window in which the document should be loaded. The TARGET attribute can take one of the six values below: (note the underscore for the first four)
  • _blank: Indicates a new window.
  • _parent: Specifies the parent frame which contains the source link.
  • _self: The meaning is very much obvious. The new document is loaded in the same frame.
  • _top: This indicates a new document window. It is a good way to break out of frames and load the document in the same window.
  • frame-name: You can use this to specify in which frame the document should be loaded.
  • RESOURCE WINDOW: This loads the document in a new browser window. This is same as _blank.
The links and their code are presented below. Click on the link to see how the TARGET attribute behaves.
<A HREF="test.html" TARGET="RESOURCE WINDOW">
Loads test.html in a new browser window</A>
Loads test.html in a new browser window

<A HREF="test.html" TARGET="_blank">
Loads test.html in a new browser window</A>
Loads test.html in a new browser window

<A HREF="test2.html" TARGET="_self">
Loads test2.html in this window</A>
Loads test2.html in this window

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Inline Frames

Posted in Labels: | at 03:20


Inline Frames were introduced with Micorsoft Internet Explorer version 3.0. They have since been taken up by the World Wide Web Consortium and are now a part of HTML 4.0 standard. Netscape (till version 4), however, does not display inline frames so you may have to load this page in Internet Explorer to see inline frames.
The procedure for including inline frames in documents is very similar to that for images (inline frames, however, have an ending tag) and carry some of the attributes of <IMG> tag.
The tag that places an inline frame is <IFRAME>. So of its attributes are.
  • SRC: A required attribute that takes the URL of a page as value and loads it in the frame.
  • ALIGN: aligns the inline frame with respect to other elements on the page. Values taken are 'TOP', 'BOTTOM', 'MIDDLE', 'LEFT' and 'RIGHT'.
  • HEIGHT and WIDTH: Specifies the dimensions in pixels.
  • HSPACE and VSPACE: Specifies amount of horizontal and vertical space to be put around the inline frame. Value has to be a number that denotes pixels.
  • MARGINHEIGHT and MARGINWIDTH: Determines the amount of space in pixels between the left-right and top-bottom edges of the frame and its contents.
  • FRAMEBORDER: Value can be '1' which puts a 3D border around the frame or '0' which removes this border.
  • SCROLLING: A value of 'YES' forces the display of scrollbars. 'NO' removes scrollbars even if they are needed. 'AUTO' lets the browser decide on inclusion of scroll bars depending on the contents.
  • NORESIZE: Prevents users from resizing the frame.
  • NAME: Assigns a name to the frame so that it can be referred by it.
Now let us put an inline frame in this document.
Right click inside the frame to view its source.

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HTML Forms part 1

Posted in Labels: | at 03:19


Note: HTML forms are not useful without a client-side scripting language or server-side technology.
The note above should be enough to prompt you in learning a programming language... but let us get down to the business at hand.
The main use of HTML forms is to gather some kind of input/feedback from visitors. This input might be in the form of comments or a shopping cart system wherein your users select items and drop them in shopping baskets. Form objects (which we shall soon meet) have also been used for various tricks by client-side programmers.
A form begins with <FORM> and ends with </FORM>. HTML presents us with various form object/elements that are placed INSIDE the form tags.
  • <INPUT TYPE="TEXT">
  • <INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD">
  • <INPUT TYPE="RADIO">
  • <INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX">
  • <INPUT TYPE="BUTTON">
  • <INPUT TYPE="RESET">
  • <INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT">
  • <INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN">
  • <INPUT TYPE="IMAGE">
  • <INPUT TYPE="FILE">
  • <SELECT>...</SELECT>
  • <TEXTAREA>...</TEXTAREA>
  • <BUTTON>...<BUTTON>
  • <OPTION>...</OPTION>
The first ten listed above are all variants of the <INPUT> element. However, since their TYPE is different, the other attributes taken by them differ.
We shall explore these along with their attributes, one by one.

The HTML form <INPUT TYPE="TEXT">

This form object is the most common. It defines a horizontal text field as:

The attributes associated with this tag are:
  • NAME: Sets a name for this form element. You can give any name to your text field as long as you don't duplicate it in the same form.
  • SIZE: Determines the size. The value taken is a number.
  • MAXLENGTH: Specifies the number of characters a user can submit thru this element.
  • VALUE: Specifies a default value that is displayed inside the text field when a user first opens the page.
Type your first name in the box: 
<INPUT TYPE="TEXT" SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="20" 
NAME="first_name" VALUE="Your first name">
is displayed as:
Type your first name in the box:


The HTML form <INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD">

This object is very similar to the TEXT mentioned above and takes the same attributes. Its inclusion also causes the display of a text field. However, anything typed by the user inside this text field is replaced by *s or other characters that mask what you type. Try this out yourself.
Type your password in the box:
<INPUT TYPE="PASSWORD" SIZE="15" MAXLENGTH="20" 
NAME="yourpassword" VALUE="">
Type your password in the box:

Attributes:
  • NAME: Sets a name for the password field by which it is referred using scripting languages.
  • MAXLENGTH: Sets the maximum number of characters a user can input.
  • SIZE: Takes a number as value and specifies the size.
  • VALUE: Specifies a default value.

<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX">

Creates a checkbox. Its other attributes are:
  • CHECKED: This attribute takes no value. Including it in the tag causes the checkbox to be checked by default.
  • NAME: Specifies a name for the element.
  • VALUE: Assigns a value to the element.
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="your_answer"
VALUE="yes" CHECKED> Do you like this site?
Do you like this site?


<INPUT TYPE="RADIO">

Makes a radio button. The attributes taken are similar to those of a checkbox (above).
  • CHECKED: Puts the radio button to "ON" state. Takes no value.
  • NAME: Assigns a name to the radio button.
  • VALUE: Specifies a value that can be passed to the server.
<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" VALUE="yes" NAME="html" 
CHECKED> Do you like HTML?
Do you like HTML?


Important: What is the difference between a radio button and a checkbox?

These two elements are not the same though they share the same attributes.
Radio buttons are employed when a single reply is desired from a list of choices. In such cases, radio buttons with the same name but different values are grouped together. Since the buttons have the same name, the user is able to select only one. The value of the selected button along with its name is sent to the server.
Checkboxes on the other hand, can be used in two ways. One to get a 'yes'/'no' kind of response and the other to get a multiple selection.
We'll see this through examples.
Do you like Mozart's Symphony No.40?<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="moz" VALUE="yes" CHECKED> Yes<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="moz" VALUE="No"> No<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="RADIO" NAME="moz" VALUE="notsure"> Can't Say<BR>
Do you like Mozart's Symphony No.40?
Yes
No
Can't Say
Try to select two radio buttons... you can't... that is because they have the same name. Thus, the code above presents a list of choices and expects only one selection.
Notice that the CHECKED attribute selects the first radio button when the page is first loaded. Depending on the selection, the associated value is sent to the server along with the radio button name. So, if the visitor selects Can't Say, the associated value notsure is sent along with button name, moz.

An example for checkboxes can be...
Which ice-cream flavors do you like?<BR>

<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="ice" VALUE="chocolate" CHECKED>
Chocolate<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="ice" VALUE="vanilla">
Vanilla<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="ice" VALUE="strawberry">
Strawberry<BR>
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" NAME="ice" VALUE="mint">
Mint<BR>
Which ice-cream flavors do you like?
Chocolate
Vanilla
Strawberry
Mint
Notice that in this case too, all checkboxes have the same name. However, you can select multiple boxes (try it out...). This is helpful when we desire zero or more values. Values of all checkboxes that are selected are sent to the server along with checkbox name for further processing by a CGI script.
Another use of checkboxes is to get a 'yes'/'no' kind of response as in:
<INPUT TYPE="CHECKBOX" VALUE="yes" NAME="mlist">
Would you like to subscribe to our mailing list?
Would you like to subscribe to our mailing list? Although, radio buttons can be employed for the same purpose, I prefer to use checkboxes since they display a better icon.

So, radio buttons or checkboxes are used depending on the type of question you have. A generalization would be to employ radio buttons for questions where only one reply is desired and checkboxes for questions where multiple replies are possible.

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orms in HTML part 2

Posted in Labels: | at 03:18


This creates a button which is quite useful for triggering JavaScript events.
  • NAME: Specifies a name for the button.
  • VALUE: Determines what is written on the button.
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" NAME="pbut" VALUE="Push Me">

The button above does nothing when clicked. However, you can attach JavaScript event handlers to this button to set up some kind of action.
<INPUT TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="Push me to get a greeting" 
NAME="mybut" onclick="return disp();">


The HTML form RESET button

Creates a reset button, which when clicked, clears all form elements and sets then to their default values. It has only one attribute VALUE, that specifies the text written on the button.
<INPUT TYPE="RESET" VALUE="Clear the form">


The HTML form SUBMIT button

Makes a button, which when clicked, submits the form. It has two attributes
  • VALUE: Puts text on the button.
  • NAME: Names the submit button. Its value is generally used by server side scripts to determine if the form has been submitted.
<INPUT TYPE="SUBMIT" VALUE="Send Email" NAME="semail">

Clicking on a submit button sends the name-value pairs of all form elements to the server. (Note: This submit button does not work. However, you can test one on the right to join my mailing list!)

<INPUT TYPE="FILE">

Allows your users to send files to your server. It is accompanied with a Browse button that helps the user locate the file on his computer.
Attributes taken are:
  • ACCEPT: Its value is a MIME type/s that your server program is ready to accept. A comma-separated list of mime types can be supplied.
  • NAME: Specifies a name for the element.
  • VALUE: Specifies the default text inside the text field.
<INPUT TYPE="FILE" NAME="uploadfile" VALUE="">



<INPUT TYPE="IMAGE">

This is a great tag allowing designers to make their own buttons. With its use you can replace the dull default button with a colorful image.
There are four attributes associated with this tag
  • SRC: a required attribute that points to the URL of the image file.
  • NAME: Gives a name to the element.
  • ALIGN: aligns the surrounding text with respect to the image.
  • BORDER: sets the border around the image. If zero is assigned as its value, no border is displayed.
<INPUT TYPE="IMAGE" SRC="but.gif" NAME="sub_but" BORDER="0">



<INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN">

This creates a form input field which is not displayed in the browser. It is ideal for passing values set by the programmer or by certain actions of the user.
It has only two attributes.
  • NAME: Defines a name for the element.
  • VALUE: Sets a value for the element.
<INPUT TYPE="HIDDEN" NAME="birthday" VALUE="16-03-72">

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HTML Forms part 3

Posted in Labels: | at 03:17


SELECT>... </SELECT> form element

This HTML form element lets you develop a drop down scrolling list or menu. The list can allow for single as well as multiple selections.
The individual items of the list are placed with the help of another tag, <OPTION> (described below).
The attributes taken are:
  • NAME: defines a name for this element.
  • SIZE: if the size is '1', the list is displayed as a dropdown menu else as a scrolling list.
  • MULTIPLE: allows for multiple selection.
Here is how you create a four-item drop down selection list.
Which system do you use? 
<SELECT NAME="platform" SIZE="1">
<OPTION VALUE="win">Windows
<OPTION VALUE="mac">Macintosh
<OPTION VALUE="unix">Unix
<OPTION VALUE="oth">Other
</SELECT>
Which system do you use?


<OPTION> </OPTION>

The <OPTION> tag defines an item of the selection list described above. Its end tag is not required. It takes two attributes:
  • VALUE: Gives a value to the item that is sent to the server along with the selection list name.
  • SELECTED: Selects an item when the form is displayed.
Which system do you use? 
<SELECT NAME="platform" SIZE="1">
<OPTION VALUE="win">Windows
<OPTION VALUE="mac">Macintosh
<OPTION VALUE="unix" SELECTED>Unix
<OPTION VALUE="oth">Other
</SELECT>
Which system do you use?


HTML form TEXTAREA elements

This creates a multi-line text box. Its attributes are:
  • NAME: Defines a name for this element.
  • COLS: Specifies the number of character columns. Thus, a value of 20 means that the text box is twenty character in width.
  • ROWS: Determines the height of text box in terms of character rows.
  • WRAP: Sets word wrapping inside the text box and can take off, virtual or physical as value. 'Off' turns word wrapping off. Through 'virtual', word wrapping is turned on but the line endings are not transmitted to the server. 'Physical' displays and sends the line endings to the server.
To define a value for the TEXTAREA, include the text between the start and end tags.
<TEXTAREA NAME="query" COLS="20" ROWS="5">
Please type your query here.
</TEXTAREA>



<BUTTON>...</BUTTON>

This element is specific to Internet Explorer and ignored by Netscape.
It creates a button that is quite similar to ones made by <INPUT TYPE="BUTTON">. It takes the following attributes:
  • NAME: Sets a name for the button.
  • TYPE: Can take either SUBMIT, RESET or BUTTON as value.
  • VALUE: Defines the value that is sent to the server along with the button name.
<BUTTON NAME="somebut" TYPE="BUTTON" VALUE="justabut">
Just for Kicks</BUTTON>
  (Netscape users will not see the button)
Note: The text that is placed between the closing and ending tags is displayed on the button.
What do you do now?
As mentioned previously, forms are pretty useless if you don't know client-side or server side scripting. In order to gain full advantage of forms, you should learn a client-side and a server-side language.

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Image Maps part 1

Posted in Labels: | at 03:14


You know that an image can be made into a hot spot by enclosing it inside anchor tags. Such images point to only one HTML document, the one specified in the HREF attribute of the enclosing <A> tag. Thus,
<A HREF="http://www.webdevelopersnotes.com/">
<IMG SRC="home.gif" WIDTH="152" HEIGHT="25" 
ALT="Back to homepage" BORDER="0"></A>
Back to homepage Provides a link to homepage of this site.
Image maps too, carry links to documents. However, in Image Maps, different parts of the image are linked to different HTML documents! For example, the top part of the image might link to document1.html, the middle part to document2.html and the bottom to document3.html.
Linking different parts of an image to different documents/files is achieved through some specific HTML tags.
But before all that, let us get to know these image maps better.
Image Maps come in two flavors:
  • Server-side maps: Those that contain the linking information on the server.
  • Client-side maps: The linking information is bundled along with the HTML document.
There is always a performance benefit when using Client-side maps. They can also be made interactive using JavaScript. Since, client-side maps are supported by all modern browsers and are simpler to understand and implement than server-side maps, I shall be concentrating only on them.
[Though, the usage of older browsers has dwindled, it is recommended that you have a look at your site statistics to make a decision whether to use server-side maps, client-side maps or both.]

Client-side Image Maps

In order to use an image as a map, you have to include the USEMAP attribute inside the <IMG> tag. Thus, any image can be made into a map if the USEMAP attribute is added to the <IMG> tag. The value of this attribute is the name of the <MAP> element. The <MAP> element contains the main information about the image map. It defines the different areas of the image and their associated links.
The different regions of the image are defined using the <AREA> tags. These tags are placed between <MAP> - </MAP> tags. The link data is also specified by the <AREA> tags.
Your document can carry as many image-maps as you want, but each should have different maps to tell them apart.
Let's look at some code.
<IMG SRC="sitemap.gif" WIDTH="200" HEIGHT="300" BORDER="0" 
USEMAP="#site">
The SRC attribute of <IMG> tag specifies sitemap.gif to be used as an image map. The USEMAP attribute points to the map we shall be using.
Note: The name of the map is prefixed with a hash # sign.
It's simple, isn't it? Now we shall look at the <MAP> tag and the <AREA> tags it encloses.

<MAP>...</MAP>

This element has many attributes. Most of them are useful for scripting and for applying styles. We shall concern ourselves with only one, the NAME attribute. This attribute determines the name of the map and is used to refer to it from USEMAP attribute of the <IMG> tag. We'll name our map, site.
<MAP NAME="site">
...
Content
...
</MAP>

<AREA> tags and attributes

The main content of the image map resides inside <AREA> tags. Their important attributes are:
  • HREF: Takes a URL as value and provides a link to that document.
  • SHAPE: The values for this attribute can be RECT, CIRCLE, POLY or DEFAULT. These define the shape of the area in the main image. After dividing your image into RECTs, POLYs, and CIRCLEs, you might be left with some area. You can use the DEFAULT value to refer to this area.
  • COORDS: Takes a comma-separated list of values. Depending upon the shape, this value changes.
  • TARGET: Specifies the window in which to load the document. This attribute is the same as that for <A>.
  • NOHREF: This is employed when you do not want areas to be linked to any documents. Used often with the DEFAULT value of SHAPE mentioned above.
  • NAME: This defines an area that can be used for scripting, by older browsers.
<MAP NAME="site">

<AREA HREF="../../index.html" SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="5,6,95,25">
<AREA HREF="../../basics/index.php3" SHAPE="RECT" 
COORDS="61,43,109,60">
<AREA HREF="../index.php3" SHAPE="RECT" COORDS="61,65,125,83">
<AREA HREF="../../graphics/index.php3" SHAPE="RECT" 
COORDS="61,88,124,106">
<AREA HREF="../../tips/index.php3" SHAPE="RECT" 
COORDS="61,112,164,129">
<AREA HREF="../../design/index.php3" SHAPE="RECT" 
COORDS="61,133,145,152">
<AREA HREF="../../promotion/index.php3" SHAPE="RECT" 
COORDS="61,158,161,174">
<AREA HREF="../../se/index.php3" SHAPE="RECT" 
COORDS="61,180,168,199">
<AREA HREF="../../software/index.php3" SHAPE="RECT" 
COORDS="61,204,128,221">
<AREA HREF="../../services/index.php3" SHAPE="RECT" 
COORDS="61,227,158,244">
<AREA HREF="../../feedback.php3" SHAPE="RECT" 
COORDS="61,249,142,267">
<AREA HREF="../../feedback.php3" SHAPE="CIRCLE" 
COORDS="145,25,40">

</MAP>
The value of COORDS taken by RECT is the top-left corner and bottom-right, x and y coordinates. For CIRCLE, the value is x and y coordinates of the center and the radius.
The co-ordinates of the image map are specified in pixel values and you can use any graphics program to find them. Now, this procedure is quite painful and time-consuming, so I suggest you use one of the Image-Map coordinates generator programs.

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Image Maps part 2

Posted in Labels: | at 03:14


Here is how an image map works. Move your mouse cursor over the image below and check the links in your browser's status bar.
WebDevelopersNotes.com sitemap

Some important points to remember when designing Image Maps

  • The image used as a map should be large enough so that the users' cursor is not confined in a small place with lots of links.
  • It is recommended that the <MAP> tag along with its <AREA>s is placed at the end of the HTML document.
  • Use client-side maps unless most of your audience is using older browsers that support only server-side maps. There are many benefits in using the map on the client, especially performance.

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HTML Meta tags - Keyword - Refresh - Redirect

Posted in Labels: | at 03:13


Meta tags are generally used to include information about a document such as author name, creation date, copyright information etc. They always placed between the <HEAD> tags of an HTML document.
Each Meta tag has two important attributes:
  • HTTP-EQUIV or NAME
  • CONTENT
<META HTTP-EQUIV="some_name" CONTENT="some_content">

OR

<META NAME="some_name" CONTENT="some_content">

<META HTTP-EQUIV>

The HTTP-EQUIV attribute takes one of the values mentioned below:
  • CONTENT-TYPE: The most commonly used content type is text/html. Other types can be employed to include the character set for the document. This helps the browser to load the appropriate character before document display.
  • EXPIRES: Specifies the date and time after which a document should be considered expired. This can be used by web robots update content in a search engine.
  • CACHE-CONTROL: Determines the caching of the document.
  • CONTENT-LANGUAGE: Used to specify the language in which the document is written.
  • REFRESH: This value is commonly used to either redirect users to a different page or refresh the contents of the present page.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-TYPE" CONTENT="text/html">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="EXPIRES" CONTENT="May 1, 2002 00:00:00 EST">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="CACHE-CONTROL" CONTENT="no-cache">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="CONTENT-LANGUAGE" CONTENT="hi">
<META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="5">
Note that all the META tags with HTTP-EQUIV attributes also contain the CONTENT attribute.
The HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" demands more attention here, so let us have a detailed look at it.
The tag above simply refreshes the contents of the page in 5 seconds. However, you can supply a URL to this tag, which redirects users to that page.
<META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="2; URL=new.html">
This takes the user to new.html after 2 seconds.
Note that there is only one set of quotes that encloses the content of CONTENT. Both the time in seconds and the URL are inside the same quotes.
A cheap trick is to construct a looping (or non-looping) slide show making use of these tags. Let's say you have three html pages named slide1.html, slide2.html and slide3.html. You can make a looping slide show by including the appropriate META tag in each document.
slide1.html contains
<META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="10; URL=slide2.html">

slide2.html contains
<META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="10; URL=slide3.html">

slide3.html contains
<META HTTP-EQUIV="REFRESH" CONTENT="10; URL=slide1.html">
To start the slide-show, load slide1.html in the browser. After 10 seconds, slide1.html is replaced by slide2.html, which is again replaced by slide3.html after 10 seconds. Finally, after another 10 seconds, slide1.html replaces slide3.html and thus, the slide-show keeps on looping. Note that the <META> tag is placed in the head section of each document.

<META NAME>

Though there are some fixed values for the NAME attribute, you can construct your own meta tags with it. Let's look at the important values
  • KEYWORDS: You can supply keywords for your pages using this. It helps in indexing by search engines. Takes a list of comma separated keywords.
  • COPYRIGHT: Contains copyright information
  • DESCRIPTION: lets you specify a description of the page.
  • AUTHOR: You can write your name here.
  • ROBOTS: This tag is used to stop your pages from being indexed by robots. Its an alternative to the robots.txt file.
<META NAME="KEYWORDS" CONTENT="movies, hollywood, actors">
<META NAME="COPYRIGHT" CONTENT="2001, Some_Company_Name">
<META NAME="DESCRIPTION" CONTENT="Information on the greatest 
movies ever">
<META NAME="AUTHOR" CONTENT="your_name">
<META NAME="ROBOTS" CONTENT="NOINDEX, NOFOLLOW">

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Making HTML Work

Posted in Labels: | at 03:12


This concludes your learning of HTML. I have described almost all the important tags and attributes. It should set enough confidence in you to start designing your pages and sites. Remember, the secret to make everything work together is to ... PRACTICE... PRACTICE ... PRACTICE...
Test your code in both Internet Explorer and Netscape and don't use a WYSIWYG editor if you want to master HTML.
Here is you badge for successfully completing this tutorial.


This concludes your learning of HTML. I have described almost all the important tags and attributes. It should set enough confidence in you to start designing your pages and sites. Remember, the secret to make everything work together is to ... PRACTICE... PRACTICE ... PRACTICE...
Test your code in both Internet Explorer and Netscape and don't use a WYSIWYG editor if you want to master HTML.
Here is you badge for successfully completing this tutorial.

Badge for successfully completeing Advanced HTML tutorial at www.webdevelopersnotes.comThis concludes your learning of HTML. I have described almost all the important tags and attributes. It should set enough confidence in you to start designing your pages and sites. Remember, the secret to make everything work together is to ... PRACTICE... PRACTICE ... PRACTICE...
Test your code in both Internet Explorer and Netscape and don't use a WYSIWYG editor if you want to master HTML.
Here is you badge for successfully completing this tutorial.

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Getting started with Java in NetBeans

Posted in Labels: | at 03:11


Getting started with Java in NetBeans

We assume that you've obtained a JDK and IDE for your machine: these are the things you need to get started programming Java. In this guide, we'll assume that you're using the NetBeans IDE, which simplifies certain aspects of getting started for absolute beginners. However, if you have chosen another IDE such as Eclipse, it shouldn't matter terribly. Much of the principles are the same, but some of the dialog boxes you will see in Eclipse have extra options which you can generally ignore for the time being.

Creating your first project

When working with an IDE, you don't generally stick bits of program willy-nilly all over your hard disk (which was definitely a possibility in the heyday of BASIC, for example). Instead, you tell your IDE to use a particular directory to store your projects in, and each of your projects (in effect, each application you write) has its own directory inside that "master" directory.
There's generally little to say about actual installation of NetBeans (or indeed other IDEs): it's generally a bog-standard installer depending on your platform. When you run NetBeans for the first time, you'll be presented with a large window divided into sections. Ignore this for now, and look for an icon in the top left with a picture of a yellow box and a green cross. This is the New Project tool, as illustrated to the right. On other systems, if the icon isn't obvious, look for a New Project option in the File menu.
The New Project icon in NetBeans
Selecting the New Project button or menu option will bring up the following dialog box. The purpose of this dialog is to select the Project Type. Make sure that Java Application is selected on the right and click Next.




The next dialog to appear allows you to select the name and location for your project. I suggest you create a project called TestProject which you can use for 'playing about' with Java. (Even later on, it's often useful to have a test project for testing ideas, or for the occasional "throwaway" program.)




Below the project name field are two directory locations, which you may be able to leave as their default settings:
  • The Project Location directory is essentially the "master" directory where all your Java projects will set. The default is usually OK, although as you can see, Windows likes particularly long-winded directories. You may prefer to change this directory to something less convoluted– in Windows, C:\Projects would be an excellent choice for most people. From time to time, you'll inevitably need to browse to this place, e.g. to copy icons to your projects etc. So having it buried in ten levels of directory structure isn't always very convenient.
  • The Project Folder can usually be left as the default: it will be a folder with the same name as your project, inside the master directory you specified above.
For your first project, you can leave the Create Main Class option as it is.
Finally, click Finish. You will now be presented with a skeleton project.

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Adding your first line of Java code!

Posted in Labels: | at 03:09


If you've followed this guide to creating a Java project in NetBeans, then you should now be staring at a window that is essentially fairly blank except for a line of icons at the top and a panel with a "tree" in the top-left, as pictured opposite. This tree allows you to browse the various files that make up your project. For now, we won't get too bogged down in the details of these files. The one that interests us is that labelled Main.java, as circled. For now, this is where our program will live. Later on, we'll see that a typical Java application will actually consist of various different little pieces of program. But to get us started, the single "main" file will do just fine.
If you double-click on Main.java, the right-hand side of the screen will change to show the actual program. Instead of providing us with a file that is literally blank, NetBeans actually helps us by providing a "skeleton" program that we can add to. Initially, it should look something like this:


This may look slightly complicated, until you consider that the parts in grey are just comments (basically, notes that the programmer adds to help him/herself and fellow programmers) and are actually ignored by Java. So our skeleton program is really just three lines and a bit of formatting (the curly braces { and } ). For now, we're going to ignore the meaning of these lines and just add a line of program to what's already there.
Locate the line starting with // TODO (indicated by the red arrow in the screenshot above). We're going to insert a line of Java code at this point. You can either add the line instead of the // TODO line, or else add the line below. Remember that the line is just a comment, so if you leave it in, Java will ignore it. But equally, Java won't care if you remove it. In the illustration below, we'll actually remove the comment.
In traditional fashion, we're going to add a line to the program so that when run, it prints the message Hello, world!. The line we're going to place instead of the comment is the following:
System.out.println("Hello, world!");
If you're new to programming, a key thing to bear in mind is that punctuation details matter. So the dots, brackets, quotes and semicolon must be in the right place. Spaces don't generally matter, but for reasons we'll see as we go along, it makes the program easier to read if you indent the line by a couple of spaces. You should end up with something looking something as follows (to save space, we omit parts of the program above and below in this next screenshot):


Notice how, as you type, NetBeans adds colouring automatically to the program. This colouring is called syntax highlighting. As you learn more about Java, you'll see that syntax highlighting helps you to read and spot mistakes in your program.

Running the program

If you've typed the line exactly as shown, then you're ready to run the program. Click the green arrow at the top of the window to run the program.
If you've typed everything correctly, then you should see something like the following appear at the bottom of the screen:


You'll see that our Hello, World! message appears in and amongst various "administration" messages. Of course, this wouldn't be a very user-friendly way of displaying a message to the user, and as you progress with Java, you'll learn about how to build "proper" user interfaces. But for now, be happy that you've entered a line of Java program, run it, and seen the result, however uninspiring that result might seem for now!

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How to install win98 step by step

Posted in Labels: | at 03:08


This is a step-by-step on how to perform a Fresh Install of Windows 98. What you are going to need for this:

1) Windows 98 CD
2) Windows 98 Product ID/Key
3) About 1-2 Hours

The screen shots on this page are taken from a Windows 98SE OEM install using only the CD, on a unpartition Hard Drive. If you all ready have Windows 98 installed, you can skip to (Step 07) and continue on or skip to (Step 13), to delete the partition and start at (Step 01). If you cant find your Windows 98 Product Key then skip to (Step 14) before doing any of this.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installing Windows

(Step 01)
You need to make sure that you have the BIOS/Startup, so that the CDROM drives boots before the Hard Drive. To do this, you need to enter the BIOS/Startup by pressing: ESC, F1, F2, or DEL. Usually during POST (boot up) there should be something on the bottom stating on how to enter the BIOS/Startup. Press the button that it says to press or try one of the above until you enter BIOS/Startup Menu. Now using the arrow keys, there should be a tab that says, Startup/Boot Order. Under that should be a list with a list of options, make the 1st Boot - Floppy/3.5 Floppy, 2nd Boot - CDROM, 3rd Boot - Hard Drive, 4th Boot - Other. Place the CD in the CDROM Drive, save and exit the BIOS settings.

(Step 02)
Posted Image
After exiting the BIOS the computer will restart. You will get the above screen after the computer finishes POST. Select Boot from CD.

(Step 03)
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After selecting Boot from CD the above screen will come up. Select Start computer without CD-ROM support.

(Step 04)
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When if finishes loading, you will see the above screen with A:\. Type fdisk and then press enter. This is how the screen should look:

A:\fdisk


(Step 05)
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You will come to the screen above. Press Enter.

Posted Image
After that you will come to this screen, press 1 then Enter.

Posted Image
You will then come to this screen, press 1 then Enter.

Posted Image
Now the program will check the Hard Drive, and then will make the partition. Press Y then Enter.

Posted Image
After that is done you will come to this screen, press ESC. You will then come back to the black screen with A:\. Press Ctrl+Alt+Del. This will restart the computer.

(Step 06)
You will then come back to the Boot Select Screen. Select Boot from CD-ROM.

(Step 07)
Posted Image
Select Start computer with CD-ROM support. The computer will now have CDROM support; you will come to the black screen with the A:\. Now type D:\WIN98\format C:

This is how the screen will look:

A:\D:\WIN98\format C:


You will be asked if you want to proceed with the format. Press Y, and then Enter. Depending on the size of the Hard Drive, this may take a while. After it is done formatting, press Enter (Do not enter a label).

(Step 08)
Posted Image
Now it is time to start the install of Windows 98. After pressing Enter, you should be at the A:\. Now type D:\WIN98\setup. This is how the screen should look:

A:\D:\WIN98\setup

Before the install can start the Windows 98 setup need to check the Hard Drive. Press Enter, this also takes long time depending on the size of the Hard Drive.

(Step 09)
Posted Image
After scandisk has finish, and the files have been copied, you will come to this screen. Click Continue.

Posted Image
Select C:\Windows, and then click Next.

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Select Typical, and then click Next.

Posted Image
Select Install the most common components, then click Next.

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This here is optional; change the values for Computer Name, Workgroup.

Computer Name: MyComputer
Workgroup: Home

After you have made the changes, click Next.

Posted Image
Select your location, click Next.

Posted Image
Click Next, you can choose to make a Windows 98 Startup Disk, if so then insert a floppy then click OK, if not the click Cancel.

Posted Image
After the Startup Disk is completed, if you choose to make it, click Next to start copying Windows 98 files.

Posted Image
After the files have finished copying, remove the Windows 98 Startup Disk, and click OK to restart the computer.

(Step 10)
Posted Image
You will come to the Boot Select Screen, select Boot from Hard Drive.

Posted Image
The next screen you will see will be the Windows 98 Splash Screen.

Posted Image
Enter the User Information, and then click Next.

Posted Image
Read and agree to the EULA, then click Next.

Posted Image
Enter the Windows 98 Product ID/Key, and then click Next.

Posted Image
Click Finish.

(Step 11)
The computer will restart, select Boot from Hard Drive. The Windows 98 Splash Screen will come up. Windows is now finishing the last minute settings.

Posted Image
During those last minute settings, you will need to set the clock. Once done, click Apply then OK

Posted Image
The Windows Install is also most complete, and after it finishes the computer will restart.

(Step 12)
For the last time the Boot Select Menu will come up, select Boot from Hard Drive. The Windows 98 Splash Screen will appear; after it goes away Windows will install any drivers need.

Posted Image
Congratulations, you have installed Windows 98.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Deleteing Partitions

(Step 13)
To delete a partition, when at the A:\ type fdisk. This is how it should look:

A:\fdisk

When in the fdisk program press Enter. Press 3, if there are any Logical they have to be deleted before the Extended. Before the Logical partition can be deleted the Extended partition has to be deleted. When all of the partitions have been deleted then exit the fdisk program and restart the computer by pressing Ctrl+Alt+Del. To finish the install of Windows 98 goto (Step 02), read the last sentence.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Recovering Windows Product Key

(Step 14)
To recover the Windows Product Key:

Start -> Run -> type regedit

This will open the Registry Editor. From there navigate to:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion

Click on the CurrentVersion folder, and on the right pane there will be a key that says ProductKey. There will be a 25 digit key(both numbers and letters), copy it down. If you still cant find it, then:

Edit -> Find

Type ProductKey in the find box and click Find Next.

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How to install win 2000

Posted in Labels: | at 03:07


This step-by-step Windows 2000 Professional installation (W2k pro installation), is design to guide user using the screenshot (all screen capture, image on the page) that taken from the installation process of the Windows 2000 Professional operating system.
 
   You can use this step by step guide to install or setup Windows 2000 Professional on i386 machine, but you must make appropriate adjustment that suitable to your system configuration and network configuration for your machine and network environment.  There is some part on this installation process that may require you to consult your system administrator.
 
Objective:
1.  Install Windows 2000 Professional on Intel base machine (i386 PC).
 
Tools and Equipments;
1.  Operating System manual.
2.  Operating system Windows 2000 Professional installation CD's.
3.  A set of complete Personal Computer (PC).  
Safety:
1.  Follow Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).
2.  Make necessary backup for your system (incase something wrong happen).
3.  Make sure that you have the right tools while working on this installation project.
4.  Prepare the necessary documentations as reference when needed.
 
Knowledge and ability:
Upon the completion of this Windows 2000 installation project, you will be able to:
1.  Install new operating system on your personal computer (PC).
2.  Able to make new partition on the hard drive.
3.  Able to Format the partition using NTFS file system.
4.  Configure the Windows 2000 Professional operating system on personal computer (PC).
 

The Windows 2000 Professional installation step-by-step procedure with screenshots.

 
1.  Set your computer to boot from the CD-ROM drive by changing computer BIOS Boot Sequence setting. 
 
2.  Insert Windows 2000 Professional installation CD into the CD-ROM drive and reboot the computer so that the computer will boot from Windows 2000 Professional installation CD-ROM that already on the CD-ROM drive.
 
3.  After your computer boot the Windows 2000 Professional installation CD-ROM, the Windows 2000 Setup then start checking the system configuration and loading files driver.
 
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 001-setup.png
 
4.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen, then display the Welcome to Setup.  Press [ ENTER ] to set up Windows 2000 or press  [ R ] key to repair a Windows 2000 installation or if you want to quit the installation process now, press [ F3 ] key.
 
Press [ENTER] key to proceed with the installation process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 002-welcome-setup.png
 
5.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup, detect that the hard disk is new or has been erased, or that your computer running on operating system that is incompatible with windows 2000.
 
NOTE: Make sure that your hard disk is new or not contain any data, because the installation will destroy all data on the disk. 
*  Best practice, make backup before upgrading or installing new software on the system. *
 
Press [C] key to proceed with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 003-disk.png
 
6.  Windows 2000 Licensing Agreement screen.  Read the licensing agreement carefully, use the [ Page Down ] and  [ Page Up ] key to scroll down and up the licensing agreement.  If you find the licensing agreement acceptable, press [ F8 ] to agree and press [ Esc ] key if you not agree with the licensing agreement term.
 
Press [F8] key to proceed with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 004-licensing.png
 
7.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display the existing partition information.  Here, on this screen you can create new partition to the hard disk or delete unwanted partition, or you can select the unpartition space to make partition for your Windows 2000 Professional.
To delete partition, press [D] key.
 
Highlight the unpartition space then press [C] key to create a partition.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 005-partitions.png
 
8.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup then display the size of unpartition space on the disk that we select in the above procedure.  To create a new partition for Windows 2000, resize the partition by entering the desire partition size in megabytes (MB) for the partition then,
Press [ENTER] key to create the new partition space.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 006-partitions2.png
 
9.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display the disk partition information.  To create more partition space on disk highlight the un-partition space then, press [C] key.
 
To set up Windows 2000 on the desire partition, highlight the New <Unformatted> , make sure that this partition space is enough to put the Windows 2000 Operating system then,
 
Press [ENTER] key to install Windows 2000 Professional on the selected partition.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 007-partitions3.png
 
Note:  This is the last point to Quit the installation process without destroying any data on the disk.  There is no turning point after this step.  To quit the installation process without destroying any data on the disk, press [ F3 ] key.
 
10.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then prompt that the partition selected is not formatted.   In order to make your disk useable, disk formatting is the process to prepare the computer hard disk to used file system.  On this screen there is two type of file system that you can use choose from; for the operating system NTFS filesystem or FAT file system.  One of the advantages of using NTFS file system on Windows 2000 is the increase of security features.
 
Highlight the Format the partition using the NTFS file system, to format the partition using NTFS file system then,
 
Press [ENTER] key to continue.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 008-format.png
 
Recommended reading and digging on the different between NTFS file system and FAT file system:
 
 
 
11.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display that the partition is being formatted and the progress bar show percentage of the partition being formatted.  Wait for a while, this procedure may take some time depending on the size of the partition and the speed of the computer it self.
 
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 009-format2.png
 
12.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then copies files to the Windows 2000 installation folder.  The progress bar show percentage of  the files that already being copies to the Windows 2000 installation folder.  Wait for a while, this process may take some time to complete...
 
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 010-copy-file.png
 
13.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen than display that the portion of setup has complete successfully, remove any bootable media.
 
Press [ENTER] key to restart the computer or you can wait for setup to restart your computer automatically.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 011-reboot.png
 
14.  After restart, the Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional screen will be display and starting up your Windows 2000 Professional for a first time.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 012-first-after-reboot.png
 
15.  Windows 2000 Setup screen display please wait...
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 013-please-wait.png
 
16.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display, Welcome to the Windows 2000 Setup Wizard.  The Windows 2000 Setup Wizard will gather information about you and the computer to setup Windows 2000 Profesional operating system properly on your computer.
 
Note: From this Setup Wizard screen onwards, you can start using your mouse to click on the button instead using the keyboard.
 
Click [Next >] button to continue with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 014-setup-wizard.png
 
17.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen display Installing Devices.  On this screen, Setup detect and installing devices on the computer.  Setup also inform that the screen of the computer may flicker for a few seconds.  Wait for a while for setup to finish detecting and installing the devices on the computer.
 
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 015-install-device.png
 
18.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display Regional Settings, in this setup screen you can customize the system locale and the user locale for all users on the computer by clicking the [ Customize... ] button,  or you can accept the default setting that the system locale is set to English (United States), and the user locale is set to English (United States) for all users on the computer.
In this example, the default setting for the keyboard layout is US Keyboard layout, you can customize this keyboard layout setting by clicking the  [ Customize... ] button.
 
Click [Next >] button to continue with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 016-regional-setting.png
 
19.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display Personalize Your Software, in this screen type in your name in the Name box and type in name of your organization in the Organization box.
 
Name:
 <Consult your system Administrator>
Organization:
 <Consult your system Administrator>
 
Click [Next >] button to continue with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 017-personalize.png
 
20.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display Your Product Key, type in the Product Key for your Windows 2000 Professional in the Product Key box.  You can find this 25 character Product Key in the back of your Windows 2000 Professional CD case or consult your system Administrator.  Make sure that you properly key in the right product key or you cannot proceed to next installation process
 
Click [Next >] button to continue with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 018-product-key.png
 
21.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display Computer Name and Administrator Password, type in the computer name in the Computer name box.  Type in an administrator password in the Administrator password box, then retype the same administrator password again in the Confirm password box.
 
Computer name:
 <Consult your system Administrator>
 
Administrator password:
Confirm password:
 
Click [Next >] button to continue with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 019-comp-name.png
 
22.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display Date and Time Settings, adjust the date & time and time zone configuration as necessary.
 
Click [Next >] button to continue with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 020-date-time.png
 
23.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display Networking Settings, the screen also show the progress bar on Windows installs networking components.
 
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 021-networking-setting-01.png
 
24.  After Windows install networking components progress bar complete, the screen then display two options (Typical setting and Custom setting) for networking setting.
Choose the Typical setting to:
Creates network connections using the Client for Microsoft Networks, File and Printing Sharing for Microsoft Networks, and the TCP/IP transport protocol with automatic addressing.
 
Click [Next >] button to continue with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 022-net-setting.png
 
25.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display Workgroup or Computer Domain settings, on this screen you can choose to join the existing Domain (Collection of computers defined by a network administrator) or be in Workgroup (Collection of computers that have the same workgroup name). 
 
Select by clicking the radio button to:
No, this computer is not on a network, or is on a network without a Domain.
Type a workgroup name in the following box.
 
Note: The configuration on the connection Windows 2000 Professional workstation to the existing Domain is on the 'Step-by-step how to connect Windows 2000 Professional to Windows Domain' lab project.\
 
Click [Next >] button to continue with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 023-work-domain.png
 
26.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display progress bar on the status of installing Windows 2000 components.  Wait until Setup install all the components.  This process may take several minutes to finish.
 
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 024-install-comp.png
 
27.  Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display Performing Final Tasks window.  On this screen progress bar show the progress on Setup to complete a  final set of task. 
 
Please wait until Setup complete:
    Installs Start menu items
    Registers components
    Saves settings
    Remove any temporary files used
 
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 025-perform-final-task.png
 
28.  After Setup complete Performing Final Tasks, the Windows 2000 Professional Setup screen then display massage that we have successfully completed Windows 2000 setup.  Remove the Windows 2000 Professional installation media from the CD-ROM drive then ...
 
Click [Finish] button to restart the computer ...
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 026-complate.png
 
29.  Splash screen display Windows 2000 Professional is starting up on the first boot up after installation.
 
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 027-starting.png
 
30.  After Windows finish loading (Starting up...), then the screen of Windows 2000 Professional, display the Welcome window of the "Network Identification Wizard".
 
Click [Next >] button to continue with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 028-network.png
 
31.  The Network Identification Wizard window screen then prompt you the question "who can log on on this computer?"... if you using this computer yourself or only you the user of the computer, click on the radio button that say "Windows always assume the following user has logged on to this computer:"  then set password for the user if needed.  or
 
if this computer is for the use of multiple users (e.g.  for public computer network) the select "Users must enter a user name and password to use this computer".  The only user for this computer now is Administrator, this means that the Administrator have to logon on this computer and set up the user account or join domain to make this computer available to use for other users.
 
Click [Next >] button to continue with the setup process.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 029-users.png
 
32.  To complete the Network Identification Wizard, click [Finish] button.
 
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 030-finish.png
 
33.  Now the Log On To Windows 2000 Professional screen appear, this screen only available if we select "Users must enter a user name and password to use this computer" option and enter the password on the above procedure (Network Identification Wizard --> Users of This Computer).
 
if you select "Windows always assume the following user has logged on to this computer:" option on above procedure (Network Identification Wizard --> Users of This Computer) and leave the password box blank (didn't set any password) the system will login automatically and this Log On screen will never appear.
 
Enter the user name and password for the user can click [OK] button to start login to the system.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 031-logon.png
 
34.   The system start to load and the Windows 2000 Professional desktop will appear.
*Click Windows 2000 installation picture above to enlarge* 032-inside2000.png
 
Note: 
   Congratulation!!! now are expert on installing Windows 2000 Professional :-) ...  but job aren't finish yet, now it's time to customize Windows 2000 Professional and start to install drivers, install service packs, setup network and join the Windows 2000 Domain.
 
Keywords: step installing windows 2000, how to install windows 2000, installing windows 2000, install windows 2000 professional, Windows 2000 Profesional, install w2k pro, windows 2000 screenshot, windows 2000 picture, windows 2000 screen capture, install windows. 

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