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In earlier lessons we saw how cell references in formulas automatically adjust to new locations when the formula is pasted into different cells.
Sometimes, when you copy and paste a formula, you don't want one or more cell references to change. Absolute reference solves this problem. Absolute cell references in a formula always refer to the same cell or cell range in a formula. If a formula is copied to a different location, the absolute reference remains the same.
An absolute reference is designated in the formula by the addition of a dollar sign ($). It can precede the column reference or the row reference, or both. Examples of absolute referencing include:

$A$2	The column and the row do not change when copied.
A$2	The row does not change when copied.
$A2	The column does not change when copied.

To Create an Absolute Reference:

• Enter the numbers you want to calculate (e,g., 34,567 in cell B2 and 1,234 in cell B3).
• Then, create a simple formula (=B2+B3).